इस लेख में, हम आपको दिखाएंगे कि कैसे Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04 पर PostgreSQL 12 स्थापित करें। PostgreSQL एक ओपन-सोर्स डेटाबेस सिस्टम है और यह अन्य रिलेशनल डेटाबेस सिस्टम की तरह शक्तिशाली है।
आप postgreSQL 12 का रिलीज़ पेज देख सकते हैं।
उबंटू पर PostgreSQL 12 स्थापित करने के चरण
चरण 1:Ubuntu सिस्टम अपडेट करें
PostgreSQL को स्थापित करने से पहले सिस्टम को अपडेट करने की हमेशा अनुशंसा की जाती है।
sudo apt update
चरण 2:आवश्यक पैकेज इंस्टॉल करें
sudo apt -y install vim bash-completion wget
यदि पैकेज पहले से स्थापित है तो आपको नीचे आउटपुट मिलेगा, आप इसे अनदेखा कर सकते हैं।
नमूना आउटपुट:
root@PostgreSQL:~# sudo apt -y install vim bash-completion wget Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done bash-completion is already the newest version (1:2.11-2ubuntu1). vim is already the newest version (2:8.2.0716-3ubuntu2). wget is already the newest version (1.20.3-1ubuntu1). wget set to manually installed. The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: virtualbox-guest-utils Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded. root@PostgreSQL:~#
चरण 3:PostgreSQL 12 रिपॉजिटरी जोड़ें
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ `lsb_release -cs`-pgdg main" |sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
चरण 4:Ubuntu पर PostgreSQL 12 इंस्टॉल करें
sudo apt update sudo apt -y install postgresql-12 postgresql-client-12
नमूना आउटपुट:
root@PostgreSQL:~# sudo apt -y install postgresql-12 postgresql-client-12 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: virtualbox-guest-utils Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it. The following additional packages will be installed: libcommon-sense-perl libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libpq5 libtypes-serialiser-perl pgdg-keyring postgresql-client-common postgresql-common sysstat Suggested packages: postgresql-doc-12 isag The following NEW packages will be installed: libcommon-sense-perl libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libpq5 libtypes-serialiser-perl pgdg-keyring postgresql-12 postgresql-client-12 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common sysstat 0 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded. Need to get 17.5 MB of archives. After this operation, 59.4 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 libpq5 amd64 13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1 [177 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libcommon-sense-perl amd64 3.75-1build2 [20.5 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libjson-perl all 4.02000-2 [80.9 kB] Get:4 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 pgdg-keyring all 2018.2 [10.7 kB] Get:5 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-client-common all 226.pgdg20.10+1 [90.6 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libtypes-serialiser-perl all 1.0-1 [12.1 kB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libjson-xs-perl amd64 4.020-1build1 [83.7 kB] Get:8 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-client-12 amd64 12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1 [1,429 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 sysstat amd64 12.4.0-1 [471 kB] Get:10 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-common all 226.pgdg20.10+1 [246 kB] Get:11 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-12 amd64 12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1 [14.9 MB] Fetched 17.5 MB in 15s (1,141 kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously unselected package libcommon-sense-perl. (Reading database ... 192977 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-libcommon-sense-perl_3.75-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcommon-sense-perl (3.75-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjson-perl. Preparing to unpack .../01-libjson-perl_4.02000-2_all.deb ... Unpacking libjson-perl (4.02000-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libtypes-serialiser-perl. Preparing to unpack .../02-libtypes-serialiser-perl_1.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking libtypes-serialiser-perl (1.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjson-xs-perl. Preparing to unpack .../03-libjson-xs-perl_4.020-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libjson-xs-perl (4.020-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libpq5:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../04-libpq5_13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpq5:amd64 (13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package pgdg-keyring. Preparing to unpack .../05-pgdg-keyring_2018.2_all.deb ... Unpacking pgdg-keyring (2018.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-common. Preparing to unpack .../06-postgresql-client-common_226.pgdg20.10+1_all.deb ... Unpacking postgresql-client-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-12. Preparing to unpack .../07-postgresql-client-12_12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1_amd64.deb .. . Unpacking postgresql-client-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-common. Preparing to unpack .../08-postgresql-common_226.pgdg20.10+1_all.deb ... Adding 'diversion of /usr/bin/pg_config to /usr/bin/pg_config.libpq-dev by post gresql-common' Unpacking postgresql-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-12. Preparing to unpack .../09-postgresql-12_12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking postgresql-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package sysstat. Preparing to unpack .../10-sysstat_12.4.0-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking sysstat (12.4.0-1) ... Setting up pgdg-keyring (2018.2) ... Removing apt.postgresql.org key from trusted.gpg: OK Setting up libpq5:amd64 (13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Setting up libcommon-sense-perl (3.75-1build2) ... Setting up libtypes-serialiser-perl (1.0-1) ... Setting up libjson-perl (4.02000-2) ... Setting up sysstat (12.4.0-1) ... Creating config file /etc/default/sysstat with new version update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/sar.sysstat to provide /usr/bin/sar (sar) i n auto mode Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysstat.service.wants/sysstat-collect.timer → /lib/systemd/system/sysstat-collect.timer. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysstat.service.wants/sysstat-summary.timer → /lib/systemd/system/sysstat-summary.timer. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sysstat.service → / lib/systemd/system/sysstat.service. Setting up postgresql-client-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Setting up libjson-xs-perl (4.020-1build1) ... Setting up postgresql-client-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/12/man/man1/psql.1.gz to provi de /usr/share/man/man1/psql.1.gz (psql.1.gz) in auto mode Setting up postgresql-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Adding user postgres to group ssl-cert Creating config file /etc/postgresql-common/createcluster.conf with new version Building PostgreSQL dictionaries from installed myspell/hunspell packages... en_us Removing obsolete dictionary files: Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql.service → /lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service. Setting up postgresql-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Creating new PostgreSQL cluster 12/main ... /usr/lib/postgresql/12/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/12/main --auth-local p eer --auth-host md5 The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/12/main ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default time zone ... America/New_York creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok Success. You can now start the database server using: pg_ctlcluster 12 main start Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file 12 main 5432 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/12/main /var/log/postgresq l/postgresql-12-main.log update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/12/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) in auto mode Processing triggers for systemd (246.6-1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.3-2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.32-0ubuntu3) ... root@PostgreSQL:~#के लिए ट्रिगर्स को प्रोसेस करना
चरण 5:PostgreSQL सेवा की स्थिति जांचें
systemctl status postgresql.service
नमूना आउटपुट:
root@PostgreSQL:~# systemctl status postgresql.service ● postgresql.service - PostgreSQL RDBMS Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor p> Active: active (exited) since Sun 2021-05-16 09:17:56 EDT; 1min 56s ago Main PID: 10932 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Tasks: 0 (limit: 4648) Memory: 0B CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql.service May 16 09:17:56 PostgreSQL systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS... May 16 09:17:56 PostgreSQL systemd[1]: Finished PostgreSQL RDBMS. root@PostgreSQL:~#
चरण 6:PostgreSQL कनेक्ट करें
sudo su - postgres
चरण 7:PostgreSQL पासवर्ड रीसेट करें
पासवर्ड को मजबूत पासवर्ड पर रीसेट करने की अनुशंसा की जाती है
psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongAdminP@ssw0rd'"
नमूना आउटपुट:
root@PostgreSQL:~# sudo su - postgres postgres@PostgreSQL:~$ postgres@PostgreSQL:~$ psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongAdminP@ssw0rd'" ALTER ROLE postgres@PostgreSQL:~$
चरण 8:PostgreSQL डेटाबेस बनाएं
$ psql $ CREATE DATABASE firsttestdb; $ CREATE USER testuser1 WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'MyDBP@ss0rd'; $ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE firsttestdb to testuser1;
PostgreSQL डेटाबेस की सूची बनाएं:
$\l
PostgreSQL डेटाबेस से कैसे कनेक्ट करें:
\c firsttestdb
नमूना आउटपुट:
postgres=# \c firsttestdb You are now connected to database "firsttestdb" as user "postgres". firsttestdb=#
अब, हम देखेंगे कि PostgreSQL DB को दूरस्थ कनेक्शन की अनुमति कैसे दी जाती है।
चरण 9:PostgreSQL डेटाबेस से दूरस्थ कनेक्शन की अनुमति दें
sudo nano /etc/postgresql/12/main/postgresql.conf
टिप्पणी पंक्ति "सुनें_पते ='*' "
फ़ाइल सहेजें और PostgreSQL सेवा को पुनरारंभ करें
sudo systemctl restart postgresql
चरण 10:सुनने का पता जांचें
netstat -tunelp | grep 5432
नमूना आउटपुट:
root@PostgreSQL:~# netstat -antple | grep 5432 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 135 253939 13850/postgres tcp6 0 0 :::5432 :::* LISTEN 135 253940 13850/postgres root@PostgreSQL:~#
लेख के अंत में, हमने देखा कि Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04 पर PostgreSQL 12 कैसे स्थापित करें।
